PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.